Effects of Weeding Methods on Soil Physicochemical Properties

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       Weeding methods in Camellia oleifera Abel. plantations have a significant impact on soil physicochemical properties, root morphology, and fruit economic traits. Traditional manual weeding and herbicide application, alongside more sustainable practices like mulching or using cover crops, each influence soil nutrient availability, pH, and structure differently. Herbicide use may reduce weed competition but also affect soil microbial activity, potentially reducing soil fertility in the long term. Manual weeding, while labor-intensive, generally preserves beneficial soil properties and enhances root growth. Furthermore, root morphology, such as root length and density, can be optimized by weeding methods that reduce competition for water and nutrients. These changes in root systems are directly linked to improved fruit quality, with better fruit size, yield, and oil content being observed in plantations with appropriate weed management. Ultimately, selecting an appropriate weeding method based on environmental conditions and plantation management goals is crucial for optimizing both soil health and economic returns from Camellia oleifera production.

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