Critical Factors for Regulation of Flowering Time and Grain Yield in Rice

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Regulation of flowering time and grain yield in rice is governed by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Key flowering genes such as Hd1, Ehd1, RFT1, and Hd3a coordinate responses to photoperiod and temperature, ensuring timely transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Phytohormones like gibberellins and auxins further influence floral initiation and spikelet development. Environmental factors, including day length, temperature, and nutrient availability, also modulate gene expression and developmental timing. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer management, planting density, and water availability indirectly affect flowering duration and panicle formation, which in turn influence grain yield. Additionally, modern breeding and CRISPR-based gene editing target flowering-related genes to develop high-yield, climate-resilient rice varieties. Understanding these regulatory pathways is essential to optimize flowering time and enhance productivity under changing climatic conditions.

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#RiceResearch #FloweringTime #GrainYield #PhotoperiodGenes #Hd1 #Hd3a #PlantHormones #RiceGenetics #CropImprovement #SustainableAgriculture




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