Sustainable integrated oil-palm livestock practice to enhance soil organic matter
Integrating livestock with oil-palm cultivation represents a sustainable land management strategy that enhances soil health and carbon sequestration potential. By allowing controlled grazing within oil-palm plantations, livestock contribute organic residues through manure deposition and biomass recycling, enriching soil organic matter and improving nutrient cycling. This integration reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, minimizes greenhouse gas emissions, and promotes biodiversity within plantation ecosystems. The interaction between animal activity and palm residues enhances microbial processes, leading to improved soil structure, water retention, and long-term carbon stabilization. Moreover, adopting integrated oil-palm–livestock systems supports circular bioeconomy principles, ensuring both agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability while advancing climate-smart agricultural goals.
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