Biotic reactive oxygen species drive arsenic oxidation in paddy soils

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Biotic reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in driving arsenic oxidation in paddy soils, especially under the dynamic redox conditions created by flooding and drainage cycles. Soil microorganisms, plant roots, and associated rhizosphere processes actively generate ROS such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals during respiration, root exudation, and microbial metabolism. These biotically produced ROS can rapidly oxidize the more mobile and toxic arsenite (As³⁺) to arsenate (As⁵⁺), which has a stronger affinity for iron (hydr)oxides and soil minerals. As a result, arsenic becomes less mobile and less bioavailable, reducing its uptake by rice plants. The interaction between microbial activity, iron redox cycling, and root-induced oxygen release enhances ROS production, creating microsites of intense arsenic transformation. This process highlights the importance of biological controls over arsenic speciation in paddy soils and underscores how managing soil biogeochemical processes can help mitigate arsenic contamination in rice-based agroecosystems.

#ArsenicOxidation #ReactiveOxygenSpecies #PaddySoils #SoilBiogeochemistry #RhizosphereProcesses #MicrobialActivity #ArseniteToArsenate #RiceSoilSystems #IronRedoxCycling #SoilHealth

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