Plant and microbial interactions under different planting

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     Plant–microbial interactions play a pivotal role in regulating nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands, and these interactions are strongly influenced by planting patterns. Different configurations of plant species alter root architecture, oxygen release, and carbon exudation, which in turn shape microbial community composition and activity. Diverse or mixed planting patterns often enhance niche differentiation, promoting the coexistence of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms within rhizosphere and bulk soil zones. This spatial and functional complementarity improves key nitrogen transformation processes, including ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and plant uptake. In contrast, monoculture plantings may limit microbial diversity and reduce system resilience, leading to lower nitrogen removal efficiency under variable environmental conditions. Overall, optimized planting patterns that foster synergistic plant–microbe interactions can significantly enhance nitrogen retention and removal, contributing to more stable and efficient constructed wetland performance.

#ConstructedWetlands #PlantMicrobeInteractions #NitrogenRemoval #RhizosphereProcesses #Nitrification #Denitrification #WetlandEcology #EcologicalEngineering #SustainableWaterTreatment

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