Biochar mediated alleviation of cadmium stress in crop plants

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Biochar-mediated alleviation of cadmium stress in crop plants has emerged as an effective and sustainable strategy to improve plant health and productivity in contaminated soils. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic biomass, enhances soil physicochemical properties while immobilizing cadmium through adsorption, complexation, and precipitation mechanisms. Its high surface area, porous structure, and abundance of functional groups reduce cadmium bioavailability in the rhizosphere, thereby limiting metal uptake and translocation in crop plants. In addition, biochar application improves soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and nutrient retention, which collectively promote root growth and microbial activity. At the physiological level, biochar mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, stabilizing membrane integrity, and improving photosynthetic efficiency. It also supports better water use efficiency and nutrient balance, enabling crops to maintain normal metabolic functions under heavy metal stress. By integrating soil remediation with crop resilience, biochar offers a promising, eco-friendly approach for safeguarding food security and restoring agricultural productivity in cadmium-affected agroecosystems.

#Biochar #CadmiumStress #HeavyMetalToxicity #SoilAmendment #CropTolerance #SustainableAgriculture #SoilRemediation #PlantStressPhysiology #FoodSecurity #EnvironmentalSustainability

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